Power transmission



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June 10, 1952 c. A. NERACHER ET AL POWER TRANSMISSION l2 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Jan. 9, 1941 gigzam 7722272,

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June 10, 1952 c. A. NERACHER ETAL POWER TRANSMISSION 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Jan. 9, 1941 36 7; ll)?- W C. A. NERACHER ET AL June 10, 1952 POWER TRANSMISSION l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Jan. 9, 1941 ATTORNEYS.

June 10, 1952 C. A. NERACHER ET AL POWER TRANSMISSION 12 Sheets-Sheet l0 Carl 5! W mzzldm Filed Jan. 9, 1941 June 10, 1952 c. A. NERACHER EIAL 2,599,773

POWER TRANSMISSION 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed Jan. 9, 1941 I IL mm z w o E V wm Z1 June 10, 1952 c. A. NERACHER ET AL POWER TRANSMISSION l2 Sheets-Sheet l2 Filed Jan. 9, 1941 Patented June 10, 1952 U NITED. OFFICE POWER'IRANSMISSION 7 Carl 'AnNeracher and William. T; Dunn ,.Detr.oi,t*,;

Mich, assignorstmGhrysler Corporation, Highland Parlg,- Mich a corporation of Delaware Applicatiomlanuary 9, 1941, .Serial.iNo.373,756

( CL; i k-472.).-

lllifilaims.

This invention relates to motorvehicles and refers more particularly to improvements in power transmission therefor.

It is an object of our-invention to provide a simplified change speed mechanism of the type embodying electromagnetic control means.

Another obj e'ctis to provide an electromagnetic control device adapted to control step-up and step-down change in the transmission drive, the electromagnetic"devicebeing preferably arranged to step-up the drive only whenthe transmission is under coast load relative to the engine; By reason of such arrangement the electromagnetic device, which may be in-the form ofa-clutchor brake,- may be made relatively small and will function with very little currentdemand:

A further object is to provide an improved control system for the electromagnetic device whereby one or more controls are provide to dc-energize the electromagnetic deviceflthereby-releasing a speed ratio drivein the transmission; One of these de-energizing controls is-preferablyunder control of the vehicle driver and may comprise a "hand or foot operated element; another degenergizing control preferably comprises means responsive to predetermined speed of; travel of the vehicle such that the speed ratio drive is auto.- 'matically' released on bringing the vehicle to a 'stop andautomatically set for, step up drive on accelerating thecar'from-rest.

7 Another-object is to, provide.an improvedsocalled 'kick-down'controlfor step-flown inthe smiss en rive nderepe i thro le cen er e e n-t k k d wn. byg e re e. s r nder d i op rativ abo e a r de erm ned h c e drivin peedb en.. .p r. .red.. ntre n .the, kick-down. mechan sm rt e obj t. s. toinmfide an. improv d t m ss n. drive embody ng, Jan o e runn n d ive in i meticnivith awe-way. dr e. nde c tr l of an. e1eetremas e i. ...dey c.ei such. that the two-way. drive is;.es. i.' l.blished1dnring engine west m. t e on rw rireqandsug hat. the one-way drive .is establishedflduring en ine drive when the.,two -way drive is released: by tie-energizing the e1ectroma netijcd vice.

o rjectis o-provide annoyed electromagnetic. control for a .ve, e, transmission.

A still further object isjtoprovvide. a. transmis- 'sion having high and-IOWJaIlgES Of, speed ratio drive each undercontrol 015 an electromagnetic device preferably. inoonjunq ion with step upand step-down ineach driving range under controlof another electromagnetic. device..- iunctioning ac..-

cor ng to y. o thelaieresaid orients- Another object is to. provide asimple and. con-. venient drive control 'for selectively controlling energization of a plurality of devices for controlling speed ratio change and for manipulating .the transmission for a reverse-drive'by mechanically operating shift means.

A further object is to-provide a combined kickdown and-holding switch control forstep-up and step down speed ratio. change in response to driver manipulation of acontrol element preferably-in the form of a throttle-operating accelerator'pedal.

Further objects and advantages of our invention-reside in the novel combination'and arrangement of parts and control systems as more particularly hereinafter described; reference being made to the accompanying drawings illustrative of several embodimentsof our invention, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational View illustratingthe motor; vehicle engine and power transmission.

Fig-2 is a longitudinal sectional elevational view' through the main clutching mechanism embodying our clutch control device.

Fig 3 is a similar view. through the-change speed transmission;

Fig; 4 is adetail-sectional-elevational view'according tov line 4-4 as viewed in Fig.3:

l5.'ig.; 5" is a sectional elevational' view through another ty e of change speed mechanisinillustive r an m nt. of. the. Fi 6' ontr lgs stem.

Fi 7. s a v ew. en r ly s milar townie.

,but, illustrating a modified arrangement in which herelay control of,Fig. 6 is; omitted.

Fig.. .8 is; a... further. view generally similar to Fig. .GJbllt illustrating another modified 'contrel system embodying ,dr'ijvei: controlled means, instead of 1 the. governor controlledmeans .of Fig. 6.

F 9 is an th r v ew enerally corresnendin to Fig.6 but. illustrating a further. modified .Q ntrolsystem in Which the holding coil and governor ofFig 6 are/omitted.

Fig lois; a. further viewgenerally corresponding trating the reverse shift mechanism for the Fig.

13 control.

Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating the control system for a portion of the Fig. 12 transmission.

Referring to the drawings, we have illustrated our invention in connection with a motor vehicle driving system wherein one or more pairs of relatively engageable drive control elements are arranged to control a transmission drive, the

drive control elements being in the form of a clutch or brake and preferably of the frictionally engageable magnetically controlled type as will be presently more apparent.

- Reference character A (Figure 1) represents the internal combustion engine which drives through fluid coupling B and conventional type of friction main clutch C to the speed ratio transmission D whence the drive passes from output shaft 26 to drive the rear vehicle wheels in the usual manner.

The engine crankshaft 2| carries the vaned fluid coupling impeller 22 which in the well known manner drives the vanedrunner 23 whence the drive passes through hub 24 to clutch driving member 25. This member then transmits the drive, when clutch C is engaged as in Fig. 2, 1

through driven member 26 to the transmission driving shaft 2 carrying the main drive pinion 28. A clutch pedal 29 controls clutch 0 such that when the driver depresses this pedal, collar 30 is thrust forward to cause levers 3! to release the clutch driving pressure plate 32 against springs 33 thereby releasing the drive between runner 23 and shaft 2'|.- The primary function of the main clutch C is to enable the driver to make manual shifts in transmission D where such shifts depend on engagement of gears or positive type clutches. Referring to the transmission of Fig. 3, pinion 28 is in constant mesh with gear 34 which drives countershaft 35 through an overrunning clutch E of the usual type such that when shaft 2! drives in its usual clockwise direction (looking from front to rear) then clutch' E will engage to lock gear 34 to countershaft 35 whenever the gear 34 tends to drive faster than the countershaft. However, whenever this gear 34 tends to rotate slower than the countershaft then clutch E will automatically release whereby shaft 21, under certainconditions, may readily drop its speed while countershaft 35 continues to revolve.

countershaft 35 comprises cluster gears 35, 31 and 38 which respectively provide drives in first, third and reverse. Freely rotatable on shaft 26 are the first and third driven gears 39 and 46 respectively in constant mesh with countershaft gears 36 and 31; A hub 4| is splined on shaft and carries therewith a manually shiftable sleeve 42 adapted to shift from the Fig. 3 neutral position either rearwardly to clutch with teeth 430i gear 39 or else forwardly to clutch with teeth 44 of gear 46. Sleeve 42 is adapted for operation by any suitable means under shifting control of the vehicle driver.

If desired, blocker synchronizer rings 45 may be located between sleeve 42 and teeth 43, 44 to insure synchronizedshift of sleeve 42 as is now well known and as setforth in the copending application of O. E. Fishburn, Serial No. 180,840, filed December 20, 1937, now Patent No. 2,333,165, issued November 2, 1943.

Shaft 20 also carries reverse driven gear 46 fixed thereto. A reverse idler gear 41 is suitably mounted so that when reverse drive is desired, idler 41 is shifted into mesh with gears 38 and 46.

First, third and reverse speed ratio drives and neutral are under manual shift control of the vehicle driver by manipulation of sleeve 4'2 or gear 41, the main clutch 0 being released by depressing pedal 29 in shifting into any one of these drives.

First is obtained by shifting sleeve 42 to clutch with teeth 43, the drive passing from engine A, through fluid coupling B, clutch C and shaft 21 to pinion 28 thence through gear 34 and clutch E to countershaft 35. From the countershaft the drive is through gears 36, 39 and sleeve 42 to shaft 20.

Third is obtained by shifting sleeve 42 to clutch with teeth 44, the drive passing from the engine to the countershaft 35 as before, thence through gears 31, 46 and sleeve 42 to shaft 26.

Reverse is obtained by shifting idler 41 into mesh with gears 38, 46, sleeve 42 being in neutral, the reverse drive passing from the engine to the countershaft 35 as before, thence through gears 38, 41 and 46 to shaft 20.

We have provided clutching means for operably connecting pinion 28 with gear 46 so as to step-up the speed ratio drive from first to second and from third to fourth which is a direct drive speed ratio. Such arrangement of functional drive control is set forth in the copending application of Carl A. Neracher et al.. Serial No. 335,310, filed May 15, 1940, now Patent No. 2,455,943, issued December 14, 1948, wherein this clutching means isin the form of a positive engaging clutch requiring torque unloading means to effect disengagement of the clutch for kick-down under open throttleor engine drive conditions. In ourpresent invention we employ clutch means, or brake means as in Fig. 5,of a type which does away with the necessity for torque interruption thereby greatly simplifying the control system and rendering the friction drive control when the engine is driving the car, thereby avoiding any lurching or torque shock on the transmission or vehicle passengers. Also, such arrangement allows. the use of a friction drive, control of relatively small torque capacity. This-is, of considerable importance, especiallywhere thefriction drive, control is electromagneticallyenergized; In such controls the amount of electrical energyis limited and available space and costfactors. work against the use of too large size control devices. Furthermore such friction control devices, when made to engage as a pick-up drive during delivery of engine torque tend to wear excessively and also to slip more than desired. v p

In Fig. 3 the frictionally engageable drive concircuit is shunted at each disk'55, 56'but this is trol means comprises an. electromagnetic,,.c1utch devi e. F. This device comprises. a flux-conduct.- n coil-re eivin ody having inner annulus nor.- tion 48 and outer annulus portion 49.ic nnected t 0 p eferab y sa -i te ral. proiectionof ear 40-. S rro d g annulus. .8.. and. mechanical y e re hereto. as by screwsS-J... orby. a pressed t. r. by 1dinga rin 52. whichnroiects w rd y. be ond. or ion. 4.18 h s project n p rtion is r vided. with theinte nal pl n r; ec i n the n ues. Fi 2 o he t in x-cond in i tio drire l me tsordisks 5-. t e d a e t isks. .5. her .i a gen.- e al y. l r r g; element ordi c which ow ver at ou wardly- .021 Qt therin but which have inne QQg l$..- 1 r en a ent With the s. .oi the. rea xtens en 59 of drive pinion'28. A pressure plateip is; also splined at58, thedisks 55 56 being, disposed, in closely associated relationship between plate 60 d e 8LXially r ie tineend o an ul 4 9.- A flux-forming coil BI is disposed'between, these annuli'such that when the coil is energized the plate 60 and disks 55, 56 are drawn toward annuli 43, 49 serving to' frictionally pack the disks together and thereby drivingly connect'pinion; 28 with gear 40. The electromagnetic clutch F is therefore controlled byenergization of coil. 6! which causes a magnetic flux circuit tobefformed in a path around Ithe'coil, 'vizl, comprising annulus 49 through discs155, 56 to plate so. thence through the disks to annulus 48.;andportion 50 back to annulus 49.

Asmall portion of the flux in said magnetic utilized to also draw. the disks tightly together. To insure most of the magnetic flux following the complete circuit, each diskfl55, 5'6 is formed with a plurality of axial slots 61, (Figure ,4) therethrough, these slots/being .registered'with each other so that most of the fluxcircuit is prevented from shunting through the disks, and is made to travel through plate 60, In' order'to prevent warping of the disks and impart added fluxibility thereto they may be slotted as at 63,631 thus facilitating a tight packing o f' 'fthe disks under action of the magnetic flux generated at coil 6|. Furthermore, to facilitate slight separation. of disks 55, 56 when coilli l is de-energized thereby minimizing friction loss, heat generation. and oil drag from the lubricant inthetransmission, portions of the disks may be deflected so as to bias them into relative, disenga ement without interfering with their tightly packing relationship when coil Si is energized, To this end, alternate disks such as the disks 55 may have terminal portions adjacent slots 63' slightly deflected out of their general radial planes as at 64-, 65. One portion is deflected axially in a direction opposite to that of the other with theresult that the disks 5, 56 are biased into slight separation fromeacho'ther when clutch F 'is' released. Ifdesired outer portionsofth'e'disks 55 may also be defiected'orfeach diskjmay have a deflected portion so long as the deflections are not such that they can nesttogether and thereby defeat their purpose. It is-,'of coursefhot entirely essential that the disks be biased into separation as they will tend to separate' when coil' 'lilfis" deenergized.

Inasmuch as coil 6t rotates with gear-.40 some form of collector ring is necessary to energize the coil. In Figs. 3 and 4 the conductor collector ring 66 is seated in an insulating channel 61 which, in turn, seats-"m-"agroove formedin ring 1 52 such that rmgs' 55 and 5'2. -rotate together.

form. of a. metallic plunger .or. carbon. plunger constantly engaging. ring. 66.. The plunger .is mounted in the stationary insulating carrier .assembly 1.019. sothat. it is fixed against rotation .and is yieldinglyhrged inwardly. into..contact. with ring 66 by,.a.spring-.'l0. The .conductoniflfi... is electrically. connected; by. flexible. conductor .'|.l1

' t0 the terminal 10.

The control device F1 isadaptedto. stepeup, the

speed, ratio. drive. from first. to. secondand: from third to fourth. ordirect.v By preferencewe pro,-

vide control means limitingoperation ofdevice F, to drivingly connect. pinion.28..with..gear 49, to predetermined minimum andmaximumcar drive ing speed, to:a..condi.tion of-coastofthe engine, and to other conditions, under control oh. the vehicle driver.

When driving in first. secondis. ohtained.un.- der predetermined conditions byenergizing device F preferablyduring engine coast. .When this occurs, theengine along withshaft. 2-1, pinion 28 and gear .34 v,all slow. down, while. shaft. 20 .alon with gears 39; and 535 continuetheir .speedsby accommodationof clutch E. whichthenoverruns. As coil 6| is energized'it will beapparentthatthe frictional engagementof disks 55.,565assists the engine in rapidly sl0wingdownuntilpinion 2 8..is rotatingat the same speed'asgear 4.0..at which time shaft 21; isheld. in.1 to 1 driveratiowith re,- spect to gear 4.!lhbythe device F.. This-device therefore acts .as' a power synchronizing. means but as its energization is, by preference,.limited to engine coast, a' relatively small size. and capacity of device may be employed and there will not be any harshness. in its action- When device F is thus energized on coast, there results a two-way drive through the transmission for second as follows: pinion 28 through device F to gear 40 thence through gears-31, 36 and 39 to sleeve 42 and shaft'ZO, the clutch Eloverrunning.

When driving in third, fourth or direct is obtained just as for second by energizing deyice F. The direct drive is also a two-way drive'as fol.- lows: pinion 28 .through device F .to gear 49 thence directly through sleeve 42 to. shaft 29, clutch E overrunnin'g as before.

While the engine is drivingin second orfourth,

' under certain conditions. device Fis de energized for a kickdown control on the transmission thereby effecting a step-down in the transmission drive to either first or-thirdmerely by efiecting de-energization of coil 61-. Under such conditions transmission widely; used: -commerczially.Ma -t. .this

time'altliough speed ratios other than overdrive may be' employed if desired.

present day standard commercial type having three forward and one reverse drive ratio. The outputshaft 20 now drives theinner member 1| of an overrunning clutchE, the outermember I2 thereof comprising a forward extension of the final driving shaft 13. In order to transmit a two-way direct drive between shafts 20 and 13, especially for driving the car in'reverse; the member H has a set of c'lutch'teeth I4 engageable with teeth I5 of shift sleeve I6 when the latter is shifted rearwardly. from iits'illustrated normal driving position. Sleeve I6 is splined at 11 to member I2 and when-shifted rearwardly will effect direct two-way connection between shafts V 20 and I3. I H 7 When sleeve 16 is shifted forwardly'to its illustrated position, teeth are clutched with teeth 18 drivingly connected to annulus geari'IQ meshing with planet pinions 80 whose carrier 8| is fixed to shaft at the carrier hub 82. The sun gear 83 of the planetary gear set has a forward 5 control extension at 84 for splined connection with pressure plate and disks 56 of the control device F. The co-acting disks 55 are 'always stationary, being splined at 85 to the outer annulus 86 which is an integral part of the stationarycasing support 8'I'for mounting bearing 88 tary gearing transmission which is generally designated as G. Theother end 69'of the coil is grounded to the body 90 so as to have a common ground with other grounds of the circuits hereinafter described.

In the operation of the transmission G,'.when coil 6| is de-energized then sunge'ar 83 is free and forward rotation of shaft 20' from transmission D will'drive the shaft 13' at a l to 1 ratio through the overrunning clutch E', assuming teeth I5 to be clutched with teeth I8 for normal forward drive conditions of the car. -Under conditions as briefly outlined for the control device F, the coil 6| of control device F is energized to cause plate 60 to be forced toward the ends of annuli 86, 89 by magnetic action, supplemented by shunt circuits through thedisks 56, 51 as before, thereby tightly packing the disks together and holding sun 83'with the stationary support 81. With the sun fixed against rotation, then forward rotation of shaft 20' operates through carrier 8| and planet pinions 80 to rotate annulus I9 along withsleeve I6 and shaft 79 at a speed faster than that of shaft 26', commonly called an overdrive. r i

During the overdrive, the overrunning'clutch E is free, the outer part I2 rotatingfaster" than the inner part 1|. By releasing the "sun 83, as by de-energizing coil 6| during engine drive of shaft 20', the engine will operate substantially as before to rapidly speed up until overrunning clutch E operates to drivingly'connect shaft I3 to shaft 20' for a direct one-way drive. Then when the coil 6| is again energized,'preferably during. engine coast, the engine slows down because of a closed throttle condition assistedzby operation of control device F' and'the sun 83 becomes stationary to again effect the two-way drive at an overdrive ratio through the planetary pinions 80.

When it is desired to drive the car in reverse,

sleeve I6 is shifted rearwardly to clutch teeth I5 with teeth thereby directly connecting shaft 20' with shaft I3 around the clutch E. This shift is preferably operated as an incident to manipulating transmission D for a reverse setting as is customary in planetary overdrive devices now in common use. Also, when desired,- sleeve 16 may be shifted rearwardly by the driver for forward drive conditions thereby releasing teeth I8 from'connection with shaft I3 and rendering the overdrive inoperative; At the same time this will provide a permanent two-way direct drive between shafts 26' and I3 until sleeve I6 is again shifted forwardly to clutch with teeth 18.

Referring now to our control system shown in Fig. 6, we have provided a relay circuit for controlling energization of coil 6| although the relay circuit may be eliminated as shown in Fig. '7. The provision of the relay circuit has certain advantages, especially in accommodating energization of coil 6| with a greater current than is supplied to the other controlling circuits thereby conserving electrical energy and prolonging the life of the switch points in the system.

In Fig. 6 the usual storage battery, 93.is electrically interposed between ground 94 and conductor 95 which extends to one terminal 96 of the switch H of relay J. The other terminal 96 is carried by the swinging piece 99 operable, when relay coil I00 is energized, to close switch I-I.

Terminal 98 extends by conductor I6I either to the terminal I0 collector ring 66 and coil 6| of Figs. B and 4 or else directly to coil 6| of Fig. 5. In other words, Fig. 6 represents a control system for either coil 6| of Fig. 3 or 5 as these embodiments function in the same general manner.

The electromagnetic relay circuit for effecting venergization of device F or F comprises ground ,I00, thence by'conductor I01 to one end of the stationary iron core I08 of the electromagnetic holding coil I09. The other end of core I08 is,

.with the parts in their Fig. 6 positions, spaced .by a gap IIO from the contact III carried by lever I I2 pivotally supported at I I3 and normally .urged into its Fig.6 position by a tension spring .II4. The holding coil I09 and associated lever I I2 are generally designated as K, the switch K thereof comprising contact III and core I08.

Conductor I0I extends electrically through core I08 to lever IIZywhen contact III is held in contact with core I08 by energization of coil I09, and thence by conductor II5 to a lever II6 carrying one terminal I I! of a kick-down switch L.

In'p'assing it is noted that energizing coil I09 will not of itself cause lever II2 to be attracted into engagement with core I08, this being arranged by suitable relationship between the -strength'of spring H4 and themagnetic flux intensity of coil I09. However, when coil I09 is energized and then the lever H2 --is moved to .close gap I I0, then the magnetic action at core ;9.. I08 "fond contact II'I :wm 'hold lever H2 in this operated position "andit will inot move back to its Fig. 6 position until icoil I09 is dc-energized whereuponspririg 'I I4 Wi1l7act to open up gap H and break the circuit between conductors I01 and II 5.

The lever H6 is pivotally supported at H8 and may be swung counterclockwise against the restoring action of spring II9 so as to move terminal III'awa'y from the other terminal I20 of switch 'L. 'At slich time the switch L is open, terminal I20 being stationary. From this ter- Initial I20, whichi'scarried by conductor support I'2I the-circuit ektends'to conductor I22. .Branch ingfrom conductor H is a conductor I23 which leads from one terminal I24 of coil I 09. The other coil terminal I25 extends throughconductor I26 to the'conductor I06 so that, in effect itisconnected to battery 93 under control of ignition switoh I05.

"Ili'e "onduct'or I22 "extends to the fixed terminal 121 .of a governor switch M, the other terminal I28 helngcarriedbya swingingswitch lever 'I3'0 whichi's grounded at I3I through condoctor I302 The switchMis preferably controlled afunctionof car travelling speed and to this end a governor'ltisarranged to operate switch 'froi'nfits "Figure 6 open position to a closed position thereby grounding conductor I22 at I"3I. Bypreference the 'arrangernent'is such that automatic rel'ease of devices F and 1 is insured below a, predetermined car speed and automatic engagement'of thesefd'evices above a predetermined car speed, provided that certain other controls accommodate such'operation.

Whenever the car is in forward driving condition the manualsleeve 42 (Figure 3) is either shifted 'rear'wardly to 'thelow range or forwardly to the high range so that by. driving a governor from the 'countershaft 35 in'Fig. 3 or from shaft in Fig. 5 is a governor N (Figure 6) of any suita able type, this governor operating a sleeve I33 outwardly along its drive shaft I34 as the car speed-reaches a predetermined point, the breakai vriay being under "control of a detent I35 if'des ed.

The sleeve I33 has a's'houlder I36'engaged by the swinging switch piece I30 of the governor switch M. When the car is stationary the detent l 35 is engaged and switch M is open. As the fear accelerates, the governor eventually reaches its critiealspeedand detent I35 -releases thereby causing. switch M to close and ground the conductor I22 at 'I3I. As the car slows down, the governor spring I 31 restores the parts to the Fig. 6 position andfby proportioning the various parts it is obvious that switch M may 'be made to function at desired speeds proportionate to car travel. As an example of one arrangement of governor operation andgearing arrangement, the governor may be made to. close switch M during car "acceleration in first and third respectively at approximately '7 and 1-5 M. P. H. (miles per "hour) in the 3 arrangement and "a't around 15M. 'P. 'H. in the Fig. sarrangem'ent.

The g vernor-switch of Figure 3 may be closed at two different speeds for the eason that the governor drive gear, as shown in Figure 3 and described above, is located on 'the countershaft 35. 'By reasonthereof, it willfbe "apparent that rot-a given engine speed and hence a correspond- 10.. ingfspeedofjthe countershaft 35 necessary to close the switch, M, the, vehicle willbe moving faster when in third speedratiodrive thanin first speed, it being noted, in thisconnection that the gears 31 and 40in FigureB are in operation when third speed is established andv have a ratio of approximately 1:l whereasthe gears 36 and 39 operable when first gear ratio drive is established have an approximate ratio of 1:2. Consequently, the output shaft will bedriven at substantially half the speed it will have in third speed ratio drive whenthe transmission is established in first speed even though the countersha'ft willhave the same speed of rotation in both first and third speed ratio drives.

If desired, the governorin Fig. 3 may be driven from shaft 270 in the manner of the Fig. 5 arrangement. Likewise,1if desiredthegovernor in Fig. 5 may be driven from the countershaft' I38 of transmission D, in the manner of the Fig. 3 arrangement. It will, also, be understood that the governor operating speeds may be made to vary as may be desired from the car speeds given bywayofexample. A H

a In, order to provide further control on the energization of coil .BI as a function of, oardriving speed'and "conditions of engine coast and drive, we have provided a'kickdownupper limitcontrol generally designated at O and a coast control P for the switch K of the holding meansiK..

Referring first to the coast control rPsflwe. h provided means for effecting closing of switch K only when the engine, is, coasting, this means being preferably arranged as a control functioning with the throttle-adjusting acoeleratorlledal I39. This pedal operates link I,40 whi'ch .is connected by opposed pr'e-Lloaded springs I'4I, I42 with a second link I43 "connectedto operate throttle lever I44 from its full'y olosed Fig. 6 position at stop .i:l45 to a wide open position ,of throttle valve I46 at which time lever I44 will engage a'second stop/I41.

Throttle I46 is located according to jstandard practice for downdraft carburetion between the air intake I48and the intake manifold Q. The carburetorlventuri I49, between air intake I48 and throttle I46, is utilized to control thekick-down as a function of car speed as broadly set forth in the copending application of T. M. Ball, Serial No. "354,055, filed August 24, 1940, s

Operatively connected to the pedal I39 is a link I50 freely slidablyextendin through an opening I5I inle'ver I12. and having v its forward end upturned at I52 and bent over for support and for sliding back andtforthr. in a lO.t 1 30f a switch operating plungerjl54, the latter having end walls I55, I56 boundin the ends of slot I53. Link I50 carries anabutment I 51 arranged for contact with lever II'2 soas to swing the latter to close switch ,K'. By preference the arra'ngement is such that pedal v I 39 .may.be released to a position fully closing throttlelfifi, for the customary .idling of engine A, without closing switch K. vTothis end the pedal, under action of pedal releasing or throttle closing, spring I58, is allowed to undertravel thethrottle I46 by moving in its throttle closing direction, away from floor I59, for a secondary range of undertravel movement accommodated by further compression of spring 1:42, the link I40 moving rear- Wa'rdly "relative to link I43. During this. undertravel movement of pedal I39, limited by engagement of link e'nd I52 'withfiface I56, the

abutment I51 actuates lever I12 to close switch K and if coil I139 is energized at such time then the lever II2 will be held magnetically against energization of coil 6| only during coasting torque through the transmission, and only then provided governor switch M is closed as will presently be apparent.

Ordinarily the lost motion device R, at springs I4I, I42, functions as a solid connection between links I40 and I43 during the throttle-adjusting range of pedal I39 but allows the pedal to undertravel the fully closed position of throttle I46 and also to overtravel the fully open position of the throttle when lever I44 abuts the stop I41. At this time the link end I52 abuts wall I55 and further overtravelling depression of pedal I39 beyond its normal throttle opening range, accommodated by further compression of spring I-II, will cause plunger I54 to slide forwardly so that the forward end I60 thereof will swing lever IIS against the restoring action of spring II9 to open switch L. When the pedal I39 is released'from overtravel to again pick up the throttle I46 for closing the same, switch L will not close by spring II9 until pedal I39 is fully released.

In order to maintain the transmission in kickdown, once switch L has been opened by full depression of pedal I39, until the pedal has been fully released, we have provided a snap-action over-center device comprising a lever I6I pivoted at I62 and engaging plunger I54. An overcenterspring I63 acts on lever IGI and yieldingly holds the lever in one of its two positions either against stop I64 as in Fig. 6 or against stop I65 when switch L is open. When plunger I54 moves forwardly spring I63 urges lever I6I to swing counterclockwise and plunger I54 is then moved forwardly to its kick-down position with snap-action to open switch L, lever I6I engaging stop I65. This also de-energizes coil I09 and allows spring II4 to open switch K. When the pedal I 39 is released, plunger I54 remains in the forward kick-down position until link end I52 engages .wall I56 approximately at full throttle closing position, further release of pedal I39 for its undertravel movement causing lever I6I to snap to its Fig. 6 position by spring I63 thereby causing switch Lto close and causing abutment I51 to close switch K to restore the top drive provided, of course, that governor switch M is then closed.

As a guard against effecting kick-down above predetermined desired speed, 50 to 60 M.P.H. for example, 'we provide means for blocking the plunger I54 against its kick-down movement by the control 0. This control may be arranged, byproportioning the weight and diameter of a controlling piston I66 and spring I61 acting thereon, so as to act very accurately at a desired car speed, say 50 M.P.I-I. in the top drive ratio for Fig. 3 and Fig. 5.

Piston I66 is slidable in a cylindrical chamber I68 open at its upper end by conduit I69 to the venturi I49. With such arrangement, at and above 50 M. P. H. car speed, the throttle I46 being always wide open for attempted kickdown, a definite vacuum efiect will act on piston I66 so as to overcomerestoring spring I61 and raise the piston. This piston has a depending control portion I10 having a slot I1I through which'plunger end I60 operates. This plunger I54 has a shoulder I12 so arranged that when the piston I66 is raised until'the'bottom wall of slot I1I'engages plunger end I60, then forward movement of plunger I54 is prevented. Thus attempted kick-down under such conditions is prevented, the link end I52 being brought to a stop at wall I55 approximately at wideopen throttle condition.

From the foregoing control system several circuits are formed in addition to the aforesaid electromagnetic relay circuit. For example, there is provided the following governor holding coil circuit: ground94, battery 93 and conductor I03 to ammeter I04, thence through ignition switch I05 and conductor I26 to coil I09, then through conductors I23 and H5 to switch L and thence through conductor I22 to governor switch M and back to ground I3I.

This governor holding coil circuit controls the. governor kick-down circuit which is as follows: ground 94, battery 93 and conductor, I03 to ammeter I04, thence through ignitionswitch I05 and conductor I06 to relay coil I00, conductor I01, core I08 thence through switch K and conductor II5 to switch L, then through conductor I22 to switch M and back to ground I3I. It will be apparent that when this circuit is energized, relay coil I00 will cause switch H of relay J to close, thereby closing the electromagnetic relay circuit to energize the coil 6I of the drive control device F or F. The foregoing circuits may be conveniently designated as follows:

I. Governor kickdown circuit.

II. Governor holding coil circuit.

III. Electromagnetic relay circuit.

Circuit III may be dispensed with and combined with circuit I if desired, as will presently be apparent from the Fig. 7 diagram. However, the provision of the relay circuit III separate from circuits I and II has the advantage that a relatively small current may be taken through circuits I and II thereby protecting the various switch contact points, while a relatively large current is passed through circuit IIIto enable coil 6| to efliciently hold the frictionally engageable drive control elements 55 and 56 against relative slipping after establishment of the drive controlled by devices F and F.

A lesser current in circuits I and II than in circuit III may be effected through suitable resistances in circuits I and II such as, for example, forming coils I00 and I09 by relatively high resistance material or by interposing suitable resistance in the circuits I and II. v r

In the operation of the Fig. 3 transmission, th car at standstill and with ignition switch I05 closed and the engine idling will be accompanied by open circuits I, II and III because governor switch M is open. The driver shifts sleeve 42 to either high or low range and accelerates the car ordinarily but not necessarily above the critical speed of governor N thereby closing switch M. This closes circuit II but circuit I remains open because the driver in accelerating the car depresses accelerator pedal I39 and switch K. remains open. Therefore as long as the engine is delivering power to drive the car, or as long as the pedal I39 is depressed, the car will continue to drive in first or third depending on the setting of shift sleeve 42. As soon as the driver allows the engine to coast, by fully releasing the accelerator pedal when the car speed is such that governor switch M is closed, then abutment I51 swings lever II2 to close switch K and thereby energize circuit I which, in turn, acts on relay J .to cause circuit III to close and bring device F into operation during engine coast. This will evocat ve then step-up the drive to eithersecond or fourth although the step-up will be delayed until engine coast thereby enabling drive in the slower driving ratio of first or third as long as desired; such arrangementfurthermore limiting operation of device F to engine coast whereby this device does not have to act against the engine and 'is'the'refore of relatively low torque capacity sufficient to deliver normal engine torque without slipping after it is engaged. Thus the friction elements 55, 55 are protected against destructive friction action and the consumption of electrical energy held to a minimum.

If the car is initially started in first or third and the accelerator pedal fully released at a car speed at which governor switch M is still open, then even though governor-switch K is closed by pedal I39, the coilIiI will not be energized because circuit-III is only energized by circuit I which includes the governor switch M w'hich'is open under this example.

Once the pedal I39-is fully released at a car speed sufficie'n't to cause switch M to c1ose,'circuit II is energized and will hold-switch K closed at the electromagnet core I 08 until governor switchM'again opens, is in bringing the car to a stop. This function is especially useful in conjunction with the kickdown switch L whereby, when switch M'is closed, circuit I, and hence circuit III controlled thereby, may be closed and i opened at will.

If the car is initially accelerated in first above the governor critical speed and the engine allowed to coast by full release of pedal I39, then second will automatically become operative during coast. Then if the driver shifts sleeve 42 forwardly'to the high range, third will of course be skipped and fourth will be obtained because device F will remain engaged. Ordinarily, especially where the care is equipped with a fluid coupling B, the sleeve 42 may be left in its high range and all starts and stops made without further shifting. This is possible owing to slippage in the fluid coupling when stopping the car for a traffice light and is practicable because the fluid coupling allows high engine torque for fa"- vorable car acceleration and because governor N directsa downshift on bringing the car to rest. Thus there is automatically provided a favorable torque-multiplying gearing for starting, as in third.

Whenever the car'is driving in fourth or secand above the governor critical speed but below that carspeed at which piston I68 is raised at wide open throttle conditions at venturi I49,

switches M and 'K' being closed, a full depression 4 of the accelerator pedal 'I3'9- will cause the transmission to step-down to third or first, the transmission step-up back'to fourth or second taking place only during engine coast by release of pedal I38. Such full pedal depression causes link end I 52 to engage wall I at approximately fully open position of throttle I46 and when the pedal moves into its secondary or 'kickdown range by accommodation of -the lost motion device R then plunger I54 moves forwardly causing the end I to swing lever I16 and open the kickdown switch L, which thereby breaks circuit II and causes switch K to open. During this movement of lunger I 54, the snap-action lever Isl switch -L open until the accelerator pedal is "released thereby causing lever end I52 to travel in slot I53 Until it picks up plunger I54 at wan 156 and then causes the snap action lever ISIto -restore-plunger I 54 and switch L to their Fig. '6 positions-such action taking place *at substantially fully "closed "position of throttle I 46 "and with switch -K' remaining open and M remaining closed. "I h'en on full release of the accelerator pedal for undertravel, switch K is closed and 'dri've' step-up "efiected during engine coast.

When the kick'down of pedal I39 takes place. as 'i'iiioi-esai'd;opening switch L breaks circuit I andcircuit II thereby de-en'ergizing relay coil IIIO and 'opening relay switch H and circuit III to-de energ'ize coil BI and release device F. As this 't'akes place at open throttle condition, the engine rapi'dly speeds up under no load until overrunning clutch-E engages for the drive in third or first'dep'end'ing on whether the drive was info'urth or second at the time of kickdown. Then when the pedal I39 is fully released, 'as aforesaid, switch L'ag'a'in closes to restore circ' I' and II so that device F is again engaged duir "as-t e case ma'ybe. This has the advantage of anewmgrapm step down, as in passing a-car or in eneounterir-ig a steep grade, and at the same time the "tendency for free-wheeling "action of device is guarded against in restoring fourth or secondbecause as soon as the driver releases pedal *I39.,'after-kickdown, the device F becomes active to"restore *a two-way drive during engine coast.

'Onb'r'inging the car to a'sto'p when in fourth or second, the governor N opens switch M thereby opening circuits I and III, as well as II, so as to de energize coil'iil and cause release of device F so that the car will'nextb started in third or first, assuming that sleeve is left in a given "p'o'sitionfor high or low range drive.

Theforegoing arrangement does not require torque reversal, "as by ignition interruption in "the aforesaid'Neracheret 2.1. application, in order to release device F'by kickdown or when bringing the car to a stop because device F operates ifric'tionally rather than by positive engagement of -interlocking parts requiring relief of torque load for release. Our arrangement is therefore mo're-foohpro'o'f and simplified and is of particular advantage in that we have eliminated a source oflnany troubles ordinarily experienced in frictiondrivecontrols because our device F engages only during engine coast and is therefore protec'ted again-st destructive wear and does not reduire'customary high pressure engagement of the friction drive control elements 56, 51.

If, during drive of the car in fourth, for example, the car speed exceeds the speed at which piston I66 is raised 'by'su'cti'on at full open position of throttle I46, then kickdown by plunger 154 is prevented because when pedal I39 is then fully depressed, the plunger shoulder I12 will engage the lower end of piston' portion IIIL and plunger end I60 cannot be moved to open switch L and the car will continue to drive in fourth. The same function occurs to prevent kickdown from second "to first at a speed less than when driving in fourth according to the gear ratio variation between fourth and second. As soon as the car speed diminished below the critical speed of "device "0, then spring I61 will restore piston I65 to its Fig. 6 unlocking position and kickdown ma then take place. However, switch L is controlled by plunger I54 and piston I66 cannotblo'se or open this switch.

- When it is desired to drive the car in reverse,

- sleeve 42 is shifted to its Fig. 3 neutral position engine coast to restore fourth or second and the reverse idler 41 is shifted to engage gears 38 and for the reverse drive. As long as the accelerator pedal I39 is depressed so as to cause the engine to transmit driving torque through the transmission, then the reverse drive will continue through pinion 23, gear 34 and clutch E even though a car speed should be attained to cause governor N to close switch M, assuming the selection of a governor which will so function. Under such conditions, if the pedal I39 is fully released then the switch K is engaged to operate device F during engine coast and thereby step-up the reverse drive. Such drive occurs from pinion 28 through device F to gear 40 thence to gear 31 and through the reversing train 38, 61 and 46, clutch E overrunning.

When the car is parked, then sleeve 42 and gear 41 are left in neutral and ignition switch I is opened and all circuits are open.

Our arrangement furthermore accommodates a simple arrangement for obtaining a no-back whereby backward roll of the car is prevented as when stopping on a. hill. If sleeve 42 is left engaged for a forward drive in either high or low range and suitable means provided for maintaining sleeve F engaged, then backward roll of the car is prevented due to a lock-up condition in transmission D because of tendency to establish two drives therethrough from shaft 20 to shaft 21. One such drive tendency is through third or first relationship to pinion 28 and the other is from countershaft 35 through clutch E to pinion 28.

Referring to Fig. 6A we have shown one manner of modifying the Fig. 6 system to accommodate the no-back action. Leading at any convenient point from circuit I as from conductor I01, is a branch conductor I13 leading to ground I14 through a normally open switch S which is preferably mounted for convenient manipulation by the vehicle driver, as on the usual instrument panel I15. This switch comprises a fixed terminal I16 and a spring switch conductor I11. A rod I19 is fitted with an abutment I19 and an operating handle I80 so that when the driver pulls the knob I80 the switch S will close and preferably remain closed until it is again pushed in to restore the switch to its illustrated position.

When switch S is added to the Fig. 6 system, as indicated in Fig. 6A, closing switch S energizes circuit I independently of switches K, L, and M so that relay J causes circuit III to close and thereby energize coil 6! to engage device F for the aforesaid no-back action or at such other time as the driver desires to overrule the switches K, L, and M in energizing coil 6|. In Fig. 6A the conductor I13 is branched from conductor III! at a point along the latter between relay coil I60 and the holding device K. Such arrangement requires the ignition switch I35 to be closed in order to energize coil 6| by closing switch S.

In Fig. 6B the same switch S is branched by conductor I13 from circuit I at some point between ignition switch I95 and battery 93 as between ammeter I54 and switch I95. With this arrangement the car may be left standing headed up a hill and switch S left closed to bring the aforesaid no-back into operation without necessarily maintaining switchIiI5 closed, or the latter switch may have a separate position other than position I05 to accommodate branch conductor I13 for supply from the battery as will be readily understood.

Referring to Fig. 60 we have illustrated a control system for coil BI of device F or F which is identical with Fig. 6 except that engagement of switch K will take place when pedal I39 is released for throttle closing without undertravelling the closed throttle position of the pedal. In this instance the spring I42 is dispensed with. In Fig. 60 just as pedal I39 nears its released limit to fully close throttle I46, except of course for the necessary idling of the engine which is always provided, abutment I51 engages lever H2. Therefore switch K will be closed during the very last part of throttle closing and energization of coil 6I during engine coast is insured as before. Just as before, operation of device F or F takes place under light load, the engine slowing down to thereby naturally synchronize the plates 55 and 56 for smooth action; The Fig. 6C arrangement operates just as set forth for the'Fig. 6 arrangement. In each instance switch K will not close until pedal I39 is fully released. Obviously the controls of Fig. 6A or 613 may be embodied in the Fig. 6C arrangement just as for the Fig. 6 system.

Because of the ease with which transmission D may be made to step-down from fourth to third, by means of the kickdown incident to a full depression of the accelerator pedal, we preferably provide a relatively fast drive between the engine and car driving ground wheels when in fourth. This is conveniently obtained by employing a relatively fast axle so that a direct drive in fourth through transmission D is approximately equivalent to present day overdrive ratio or about the same as the drive in Fig. 5 when conventional transmission D is in direct and transmission G is operating in overdrive, it being understood that under such conditions the car equipped with the Fig. 5 transmission would have a correspondingly slower driving axle. Under such conditions the car performance between top speed and kickdown would be substantially the same.

In the operation of the Fig. 5 arrangement, the car may be accelerated from rest in first, second, or third by appropriate well known manipulation of transmission'D and shaft 23' will drive shaft 13 at 1 to 1 ratio through overrunning clutch E. In any such driving ratio the car may be driven indefinitely but when the pedal I39 is fully released, provided the car speed is such that governor switch M is closed, then device F will be energized during engine coast to hold the sun gear 83 for effecting the overdrive between shafts 20 and 13, this being a two-way drive. The conditions of kickdown at transmission .G are just as for device F, the device F releasing and the engine speeding up under open throttle to pick-up the clutch E for stepping down the drive.

Ordinarily the transmission D will be left in high or direct when making temporary stops, as for signal lights, the car always then starting in direct for transmissions D and G and automatically stepping up to overdrive at transmission G delayed however until the driver releases the accelerator pedal when above the critical speed of the governor N just as for the Fig. 3 arrangement. Of course, the driver may, if desired, initially accelerate the car in first or second and then obtain a low-overdrive combina tion or a second-overdrive combination during engine coast above the governor critical speed instead of a direct-overdrive combination as in initially accelerating the car in direct-direct combination. The aforesaid combinations refer, 

